Background/Question: Around 1950, Tavia Gordon reported that the overall mortality rates for men in the United States and Japan were similar, yet the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular accidents was drastically lower in Japan. [1] This observation initiated three cooperative cohort studies, one of which was the Honolulu Heart Study.

Serum cholesterol and hemorrhagic stroke in the Honolulu Heart. Redcoats War Game. (1)Honolulu Heart Program, Kuakini Medical. Cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption.

Consuming three or more alcoholic drinks daily may raise risk for hemorrhagic stroke. Of red wine has been shown to lower heart attack and stroke risk. Alcohol and hemorrhagic stroke. The Honolulu. The Honolulu Heart Program. Myocardial infarction in the Honolulu, Hawaii, Heart Program.

The purpose of the study was to determine whether there was a difference in CHD incidence and mortality between Japanese living in Japan and individuals of Japanese ancestry living in Hawaii. Met - Art Fine Photography - Tinux. Methods: All participants were “non-institutionalized men of Japanese ancestry, born 1900-1919, now resident on the island of Oahu.” [2] To locate subjects, a clerk inspected 165,000 selective service registry cards from World War II, looking for birthdates between 1900 and 1919, among those with an apparent Japanese surname or notation of Japanese national origin. [2] Of the 22,892 cards that met these criteria, 12,417 lived in Oahu and had a current mailing address. Of the original mailing, 1,269 questionnaires were returned to sender and 1,270 men declined to participate. Of the respondents, 1,692 refused examination and 180 died before the study commenced, leaving 8,006 participants. [2] The interview and physical examination phase began in October 1965.

The mailed questionnaire obtained baseline demographic and medical information. The interview ascertained family and personal history of illness, sociological history, smoking status and physical activity level. As part of a complete physical examination, ECG and urinalysis were performed, and measurements of weight, height, skinfold thickness, blood pressure and serum cholesterol were taken. [3] Surveillance was conducted in cooperation with Oahu hospitals, which recorded the “diagnosis of any type of heart disease, CVA, or pulmonary embolus” and “abnormal electrocardiograms.” [3] Participants were also periodically mailed questionnaires on illnesses “suggestive of cerebrovascular disease or CHD.” [3] Mortality was measured by daily reviews of death certificates filed at the Hawaii State Health Department and the obituary section of local newspapers. References [1] Gordon, T., 1957.

Mortality experience among the Japanese in the United States, Hawaii and Japan. Public health reports, 72, 543.

[2] Worth, R.M., and Kagan, A., 1970. Ascertainment of men of Japanese ancestry in Hawaii throught World War II selective service registration.

Journal of chronic disease 23, 389-397. [3] Trombold, J.C., Moellering, R.C. Jr., and Kagan, A., 1966 Epidemiological aspects of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease: The Honolulu Heart Program. Hawaii medical journal 25 (3), 231-234.

[4] Worth, R. Vst Plugins For Fl Studio 10 on this page. M., Kato, H., Rhoads, G.G., Kagan, A., and Syme, S.L., 1975. Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii and California: mortality. American journal of epidemiology. 102 (6), 481-490. [5] Rodriguez, B.L., Lau, N., Burchfiel, C.M., Abbott, R.D., Sharp, D.S., Yano, K., and Curb, J.D., 1999. Glucose intolerance and 23-year risk of coronary heart disease and total mortality: the Honolulu Heart Program. Diabetes care 22 (8), 1262-1265.

[6] Yano, K., Reed, D.M., and McGee, D.L., 1984. Ten-year incidence of coronary heart disease in the Honolulu Heart Program: relationship to biologic and lifestyle characteristics. American journal of epidemiology 119 (5), 653-666.

Since 1965, the Honolulu Heart Program has followed up 8,006 men in a prospective study of cardiovascular disease. Of those subjects free of stroke at the time of study entry, 2,916 were classified as nondrinkers of alcohol and 4,962 as drinkers. In 12 years of follow-up, 197 drinkers and 93 nondrinkers experienced a stroke. No significant relationships were noted between alcohol and thromboembolic stroke.